2021 By then San Francisco and its press were in love with cars, and automobile dealers had already started a grand auto row on the spine of the city along Van Ness Avenue.
2021 How the relationship between these Black women fares, under the weight of societal expectations, erotic frisson and one too many secrets, forms the spine of the narrative adapted with force and grace by Hall. All rights reserved.Recent Examples on the Web Route 1, the asphalt spine of the Keys, traces the ghost of Standard Oil magnate Henry Flagler's 1912 Florida East Coast Railway Over-Sea Railroad.Ĭondé Nast Traveler, 25 Oct. We have revised and updated a document that, since 2001, has provided a widely acceptable nomenclature that helps maintain consistency and accuracy in the description of the anatomic and physiologic properties of the normal and abnormal lumbar disc and that serves as a system for classification and reporting built upon that nomenclature.Īnnular fissure Annular tear Disc bulge (bulging disc) Disc degeneration Disc extrusion Disc herniation Disc nomenclature Disc protrusion High intensity zone Lumbar intervertebral disc.Ĭopyright © 2014 The North American Spine Society, The American Society of Spine Radiology and The American Society of Neuroradiology. Literature references that provided the basis for the task force recommendations are included. Updated illustrations pictorially portray certain key terms. Terms are described as preferred, nonpreferred, nonstandard, and colloquial. The article provides a glossary of terms pertaining to the lumbar disc, a detailed discussion of these terms, and their recommended usage. The article provides a discussion of the recommended diagnostic categories pertaining to the lumbar disc: normal congenital/developmental variation degeneration trauma infection/inflammation neoplasia and/or morphologic variant of uncertain significance. After further revision based on the feedback from the governing boards, the article was approved for publication by the governing boards of the three societies, as representative of the consensus recommendations of the societies. The revised document was then submitted for review to the governing boards of the ASSR, ASNR, and NASS. The task force members individually and collectively reviewed the literature and revised the 2001 document.
This article comprises a review of the literature.Ī PubMed search was performed for literature pertaining to the lumbar disc. All the concerned need standard terms for the normal and pathologic conditions of lumbar discs that can be used accurately and consistently and thus best serve patients with disc disorders. To provide a resource that promotes a clear understanding of lumbar disc terminology amongst clinicians, radiologists, and researchers. This article reflects changes consistent with current concepts in radiologic and clinical care. The revised document is presented here, and it represents the consensus recommendations of contemporary combined task forces of the ASSR, ASNR, and NASS. Since 2001, there has been sufficient evolution in our understanding of the lumbar disc to suggest the need for revision and updating of the original document. Its purpose was to promote greater clarity and consistency of usage of spinal terminology, and it has served this purpose well for over a decade. It was authored by David Fardon, MD, and Pierre Milette, MD, and formally endorsed by the American Society of Spine Radiology (ASSR), American Society of Neuroradiology (ASNR), and North American Spine Society (NASS). The paper ''Nomenclature and classification of lumbar disc pathology, recommendations of the combined task forces of the North American Spine Society, the American Society of Spine Radiology and the American Society of Neuroradiology,'' was published in 2001 in Spine (© Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins).
0 kommentar(er)
